2014年8月15日 星期五

地有南北,時有古今,兼談項少龍的下場(三)

以「地有南北」證明「時有古今」

  我第一篇文章簡述了漢語多種方言,及以地圖顯示這些方言的分布。為何漢語有這麼多方言呢?難道是巧合?我試以粵語香港音,以及吳語溫州音比較一下(先忽視聲調)。 


(香港音參考粵語審音配詞字庫,溫州音參考小學堂以及鄭張尚芳先生《溫州方言志》)


  以上的怪符號(國際音標)先不用管它,先看粵語香港音這一行,再看最後的字母,一共有六個,由上而下是/p/、/t/、/k/、/m/、/n/、/ŋ/。將這六個符號對比一下吳語溫州音這一行,發覺吳語溫州音六個字例根本沒有以 /p/、/t/、/k/、/m/、/n/為讀音結尾的,只有/ŋ/保留在「農」字中。例如「夾」字,香港音是/kap/,溫州音只是/ka/,那個/p/消失了。但是讀音都相似,兩者都有/ka/這個音,只是溫州音的「夾」字沒有/p/,餘下的五個字情況也相似。我們把觀察到的現象抄一下。所以看不懂以上的推論不要緊,看得懂以下的兩個現象就夠了。

  現象甲:粵語香港音和吳語溫州音讀音近似。   現象乙:粵語香港音有完整的/p/、/t/、/k/、/m/、/n/、/ŋ/,吳語溫州音只有一個/ŋ/

  假如你是語言學家,你如何解釋這個現象? 暫時我想到的理論有兩個。

  理論甲:完全是巧合。粵語香港音和吳語溫州音一點關係也没有。   理論乙:溫州人學香港話學得不到家,所以有些音發不出。(僅僅是理論,下面再舉例就知道錯了,溫州人不要打我。)

  我們再看幾個例子,也是粵語香港音和吳語溫州音。
   例子很簡單,只有兩個字,先看香港音,兩個字都是以/t/開首;但溫州音則不同,」以/t/開首,以/d/開首,比香港多一種音,即是/d/。

  先簡單寫下有甚麼現象。

   現象丙:粵語香港音和吳語溫州音讀音近似。
   現象丁:溫州音比香港音多一個/d/。

  我們再想想有甚麼理論可以解這個現象。當然可用回理論甲。

  理論甲:完全是巧合。粵語香港音和吳語溫州音一點關係也没有。
  理論丙:香港人學溫州話學得不到家,所以有些音發不出。(正好和理論乙相反)

  我們先破理論丙,根據這個理論,香港人學溫州話學得不好,所以有些音發不出來,可以說香港話是溫州話的簡化版,換言之溫州話在所有地方都比香港話複雜。但這符合現實嗎?不符合,因為香港話有比溫州話複雜的地方,例如香港話有/p/、/t/、/k/、/m/、/n/這幾個音,但溫州話沒有。現實不能違背,唯一的解釋就是理論丙出錯

  理論丙出錯,理論乙也出錯,因為推理方式一樣。上面提及香港話不是溫州話的簡化版,溫州話也不是香港話的簡化版,因為溫州話也有比香港話複雜的地方(溫州音比香港音多一個/d/)。所以理論乙也是錯的

  可以是理論甲嗎?只是巧合吧。巧合的意思是,兩個語言沒有互相借詞,也不是源自同一個古代語言,例如爸爸和papa,漢語和英語沒有從對方借父親這個詞,漢語和英語也沒有語言上的親屬關係。所謂無巧不成書,過多的巧合只能在小說出現。我們發現香港話和溫州話有很多字的讀音都相近,絕對不是巧合讀音相不相近在學術上站不住腳,語音對應才重要,但現在不妨先用著讀音相近這個概念

  另一個問題是,可以是借用嗎,正如英語kungfu借用漢語的功夫,但英語和漢語沒有共通的祖先。這也不可能,因為我以上舉的大部分都是常用的字,常用字很少借用,試想想香港人講中文時說」多還是one」多呢?當然是說自己常說的」多。所以香港話和溫州話也不是互相借用,要解釋這兩個語言為何相似,只有一個理論,就是有共通的古語

  以上提到,香港話有較為複雜的地方,溫州話也有。假如我們能說較為複雜的語音為一種語言能力,香港人和溫州人有不同的語言能力,香港人獨有的語言能力是能夠在字尾說/p/、/t/、/k/、/m/、/n/,而溫州人獨有的語言能力是能夠分辨/t/和/d/。再看以下這幅圖


  這兩條線有沒有相交點呢? 如果沒有,就是說這兩個語言有相似之處是巧合,剛才已經證明巧合是站不位腳的所以唯一的結果,就是兩條線最終能相交,而相交點就是一個原始的語言,兼有上面說的兩種語言能力如下圖: 

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

  原來某段時期,這個原始語言是兩項特徵都有的,不過在演變成香港話和溫州話時,各自失去了不同的語言特徵,所以兩個語言各有特色,也有相似的地方。同時我們也知道,只要有方言,就往上推,推論有原始語言只不過問題是,這個原始語言在幾時開始分化?這留待下回解說

參考資料


《溫州方言志》,鄭張尚芳著:這是溫州話的百科全書,溫州話的演變、特色、詞語都有我覺得此書最啟發人心的是如何研究一個語言的歷史,以我的視野,暫時找不到有文章用古代粵語的書籍詳細研究宋明以來粵語音韻的變化,大多只是以廣韻比對粵語,但也不齊全 


 (這是鄭張尚芳先生,溫州人,著名音韻學家)
  

4 意見:

  1. 或許粵語真的較少 d聲母(這一點我不敢說對或錯);
    但用粵語不分 d / t 來立論就明顯是錯。
    就講blog 主 你此文所舉的例子,「冬」、「豆」字都是 d 聲母,不是 t 聲母。
    如果不相信,請查查閣下推薦的網上辭典:
    http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/

    就會知它們的發音是 dung1和 dau6 (或變調 dau2)

    http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound.php?s=dung1
    http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound.php?s=dau6
    http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound.php?s=dau2

    ***************
    如果此明顯的錯,是來自那位應該不是粵語專家的溫州語言學專家,則你下次再搬字過紙時,請先考証推敲一下,才寫blog遺世立說吧〜

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    回覆
    1. 或許你真係唔識國際音標(這一點我不敢說對或錯);
      但用粵語有 d / t 對立來立論就明顯是錯。
      就講blog 主(即係在下) 此文所舉的例子,「冬」、「豆」字唔係 d 聲母,而係 t 聲母。
      如果不相信,請查查我推薦的網上辭典:
      http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/

      就會知它們的聲母是 t。(記得係左下角選取國際音標)

      如果此明顯的錯,是你不懂國際音標所致,這點不用是語言學家才懂,然則你下次再搬字過紙時,請先留言網頁左下角的選項,才留言遺世立說吧〜
      __________________________________________________________
      t 清不送氣
      th 清送氣
      d 濁不送氣

      粵語只有前兩個對立,閩語,吳語部分方言有齊三組對立。

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  2. 不才也有JoeJones 之困惑。
    太多標音系統。老了,不能適應。
    已前只知自己講的是廣府話或廣州話,現又多香港話之叫法。唉。不能適應。
    再落去,我睇JoeJones和在下都被語音、母語攪得頭昏腦脹。

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